The Beast That Burned Lord Of The Flies Analysis - 721 Words

The Beast that Burned In William Golding’s striking novel, Lord of the Flies, Golding explains human descent through the beast and the burning fire. The beast is a pressing topic that follows the boys throughout the novel. The boys attempt across the novel to discover what sort of the creature the beast is and destroy it. But what is the beast? Is it a terrible monster? No, the beast is the savagery that exists inside the boys. One of the first signs that Golding conveys that the beast lives inside the boys is when the beast says â€Å"You [Simon] knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you† when the Lord of the Flies is talking to Simon (143). This shows that the beast of the island, the Lord of the Flies, is part of the boys and living inside them.†¦show more content†¦The fire is a symbol of civilization and hope that falls apart as the novel continues. But the fire is also a symbol of destruction that threatens to destroy the island. Golding shows how fire is a symbol of civilization at the beginning of the novel when Ralph says â€Å"We must make a fire† and the boys quickly say back â€Å"A fire , make a fire†(38). This shows how the boys want to return to civilization and the hope that they will be rescued. The boys are determined to go back home and not succumb to savagery. Later in the book savagery starts to take over when Jack lets the fire go out. Ralph starts saying â€Å"There was a ship†¦. You[Jack] said you’d keep the fire going,† showing how the fire is a return to civilization (70). The fire was their hope for a ship to come and take them back to civilization. Without the fire, the boys start going into a downhill descent into savagery. Without the fire, the hope of the boys slowly dwindles making the boys not contemplate clearly of their actions. Finally, at the end of the novel, Golding illustrates how the fire is destructive and savage. In the midst of the fire Ralph thinks how the â€Å"fire must be almost a the fruit trees--what would they eat tomorrow,† to reveal what the fire does to the island (197). In this example, the f ire was a flaming mass that was destroying their food and home. This was no controlled fire but an act of savagery brought forth upon the boys. In Golding’s novel the Lord ofShow MoreRelatedBiblical Allusions in Lord of the Flies2536 Words   |  11 Pagesstubborn and selfish was expressed though disobeying my parents- In the end, I got burned. Similarly, in Sir William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, biblical allusions are used to give additional meaning and depth to the book and to show the ways in which humans transfer their inner evil into outward behavior. Evil doesn’t begin from the outside world; instead it begins in the core of human beings. 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Challenges Market Analysis.. •The United States As Exporter

CHALLENGES MARKET ANALYSIS. †¢ The United States as exporter of oil. The United States has increased its oil production from 10 million to 15 million barrels per day between 2011 and 2015 surpassing both Saudi Arabia and Russia, and has perched at the list of the most productive oil countries (See figure.1) . This increase in the production of the United States due to the developments in techniques for extracting oil that called Hydraulic fracturing or fracking. Although the extraction of oil in this way is relatively expensive, but the high oil prices in recent years have made this investment worthwhile. On Jan 2015, the United States oil tanker loaded with oil arrived at the French port of Fos . It is the first commercial shipment of†¦show more content†¦Then, the landing journey of oil prices had begun, and the price of Brent crude was averaged $ 57 a barrel (See figure.2) . The sharp decline in the oil prices in the years followed by suspending the sanctions, it has not due to the return of Iran to the market only, but in addition to oth er factors contributed to it. With the passage of time. it has been flooding the market with large quantities of oil and the price fall to $ 28 a barrel, which is sounding the alarm in the OPEC. Figure.2 (Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration) †¢ Saudi Arabia kept low production rates In the past decades, Saudi Arabia has played a big role to achieve a balance in the market with reasonable prices for producers and consumers. Saudi Arabia has the capability of producing oil in the large quantities. It has a large number of oil wells that did not reach the maximum production capacity as well as it has oil wells are ready for production and placed as a reserve when needed. 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A Farewell to Arms Free Essays

Throughout the novel, A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway developed a specific discipline and behavior for a true Hemingway â€Å"code hero†. Although there are many characters in the novel, each one of them possessed a similar or contrasting characteristic of a â€Å"code hero†. While Frederic Henry became a true â€Å"code hero† by the end of the novel, Catherine Barkley was a better example of a â€Å"code hero† throughout the course of the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on A Farewell to Arms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hemingway’s definition of a code hero stated that there were many qualities, some more important than others, needed in order to be classified as a true â€Å"code hero†. The most important characteristics required to be a true Hemingway â€Å"code hero† like Catherine Barkley are bravery, immorality, and discipline. According to the Hemingway hero’s philosophy, a truly brave â€Å"code hero† was a stoic person, who accepted the fear of a situation and did not complain about it. â€Å"I’m not a bit afraid. It’s just a dirty trick.† This was all that Catherine said shortly before she died. However, Catherine died according to her view of what the brave should do in death as in life. A brave person should simply not mention their fear of the deaths that they have encountered. Death was the end of everything and life was devoted to exposing oneself to all types of physical pleasures, which were the rewards a Hemingway hero would strive for in life. Catherine dismissed the traditional concepts of morality and developed her own system of moral values. Because of her self-created values, she did not marry yet, she was pregnant and did not want the child to be baptized. In a way, Helen Ferguson was the living symbol of the traditional concepts of morality. She disliked Frederic since he and Catherine were not married but continued to pretend as if they were. Helen felt this was wrong and that they should have been married especially since Catherine was pregnant. This controversy with Helen only further illustrated the fact that Catherine was a non-conformist to the traditional moral values of the day. The most important characteristic required of a Hemingway hero† was discipline. Self-discipline was a value, which grows out of one’s essential being. When Frederic had to return to the front, Catherine didn’t even cry or display any disappointment about his leaving. This was an excellent example of the discipline of refusing to be emotional about an event. If a â€Å"code hero† ever expressed any emotion, they would often be ashamed of having done so. Even though she was involved in the war since she was a nurse, Catherine never spoke of the ravages of war or expressed any feeling toward the war. Talking was considered to be emotionalism, which involved thinking. A Hemingway hero was not a thinker but a person of action. Catherine Barkley exemplified the â€Å"code hero† by possessing a great sense of bravery, her own sense of immorality, and her own sense of discipline. A Hemingway hero must be brave in the face of danger, must push aside the traditional moral values, and must have discipline to block out true emotion. These characteristics were just a few of the many that a Hemingway â€Å"code hero† must possess. While each â€Å"code hero† may have shared similar qualities, when and how each detail was discovered varies greatly from character to character. Unlike Frederic Henry, Catherine possessed all of these qualities from the beginning of the novel, which led Hemingway to create Catherine Barkley as the true Hemingway â€Å"code hero†. How to cite A Farewell to Arms, Papers

Small Business Management Question Tips With Answer Solution

Questions: 1. Frank Rainsford has been, in effect, the CEO of Franks All-American BarBeQuesince its inception. His major role has been that of restaurant manager, receiving support from his assistant manager Ed Tobor for the last fourteen years. Frank has two children, a son and daughter, who both worked in the restaurant as teenagers. His daughter has worked periodically at the restaurant since she graduated from high school. Franks son, who recently lost his job, has returned to work for his father. The son produced several plans to expand the business, including the opening of a second restaurant and the extensive use of social media. After careful consideration, Frank has decided to open a second restaurant, but this has presented him with a major problemhow to assign responsibilities to personnel. His son wants to be designated the restaurant manager of the second restaurant and made the vice president of marketing. Ed Tobor also wants to be the manager of the new restaurant. His daughter has expressed an interest in being the manager of either restaurant. How should Frank resolve this problem? 2. One night after the restaurant had closed, Frank Rainsford sat down with his son, Robert. Frank had finished reading his sons business plan for a third time. Robert sensed that his father had some sort of reservations. Whats the matter, Dad? Didnt you like the plan? Frank paused and said, Bobby, from a technical standpoint I think you have done a very, very credible job, but you are right. I do have some concerns. Disappointed, Robert asked his father to lay out his concerns. Frank told him that opening another restaurant was a huge and expensive undertaking. He knew that Robert understood the financial risks, but he was not sure that his son understood the problems associated with getting people to come to a new restaurant. Frank was straightforward and told his son, I have been at this for thirty-plus years. It took me years to build up my client base. I really know my customers and what they like. Up until this year the only marketing I did was flyers and a few ads in the local paper and the church bulletin. How are we going to understand our customers at the new location? We are going to have to fill itup quickly if we are to pay the bills. I know Ive had some good success with selling the sauces during the last few years, but remember that Im selling them from Harrys grocery store. His customers already know me and my product. Your plans for ramping up sauce sales are great, but again, how are we going to get people to know who we are and interested enough to by a six dollar bottle of barbecue sauce? Frank went on to tell his son that he knew that Robert was extremely knowledgeable about marketing and the use of the Internet. He reminded Robert that he had given him a greatly enlarged marketing budget in 2010. If you were Robert, how would you go about alleviating your fathers concerns? (You may want to consult Chapter 16 "Appendix: A Sample Business Plan" and review Roberts business plan for a new restaurant.) Answer the question from a marketing persp ective. 3. Locate the average values of these values for the restaurant industry and comment on how well or poorly Franks All-American BarBeQue appears to be doing with respect to the industry. Answers: 1. In the given case scenario, Frank Rainsford, the CEO of his BarBeQue restaurant had Ed Tobor as an assistant manager for the last fourteen years. Evidently, he qualifies for the post of manager at Franks new restaurant as he has gained exquisite experience. Also, he knows the business inside out as he has worked for Frank as a substantial support. Franks children have been away while Robert was working for another organization and not at the restaurant. He holds a BS degree in marketing and lost his job after which he decided to contribute to his fathers business. Franks daughter Susan worked at his restaurant as a teenager during summer vacations. It is observed that both the kids, Robert and Susan want to be designated as the manager of Franks new restaurant. Under functional organizational structure, the organization has different groups or functional areas such as marketing, operations and others (Karatepe and Kilic 2015). Ed Tobor who has contributed his fourteen years expres ses his interest in being the manager of either restaurant. It is argued that Ed Tobor knows the business inside out and must be made the manager at the new restaurant. In a new restaurant, Frank requires a qualified professional who could successfully delegate tasks to the personnel. Susan must be made the assistant restaurant manager where she can gain experience and qualify for a higher position. Robert must be made the vice president of marketing that would help Franks All-American BarBeQue in reaching new levels (Martin et al. 2012). 2. As stated in the given scenario, Frank is concerned about the marketing standards for attracting customers at the new location of restaurant at Connecticut. So far, the customers at the previous location have known Franks product at Harrys grocery store. However, from the marketing perspective, Frank needs to be explained about Roberts business plan. Frank needs to understand that thirty years back when he started the business of selling sauces, he needs to compete through the modern methods of communication. Robert must enlighten Frank with the benefits of internet and web marketing. For selling the sauce at six dollar per bottle, the advertisements can overcome the barriers of reach through internet. Online marketing shall also help in targeting the suburban population where the market needs to be divided into various demographic regions (Annunziata and Vecchio 2013). The customers can express their concerns or interests which can be addressed by Robert at a later stage. The eas e of marketing through internet is enhanced as the products can be browsed at any time. The details of the products can be viewed by the customers without having them visit the store. Campaigns may be generated for attracting the customers. Internet is a platform for building relationship with the customers which would also help in improving retention. Emails can be made to customers for maintaining relationships using personalized offers. Robert must further explain about the tracking results for growth, leads and sales conversions from the marketing search campaigns (Hidayanto et al. 2012) 3. There are different values which can be used to measure the wellness of Franks All-American BarBeQue restaurant with respect to the restaurant industry. They are: Asset Approach- According to the asset approach, the method seeks to determine the business value on the basis of valuation of assets. It is analyzed that Franks business is doing well because the long-term assets have a fair value. Also, the company has substantial cash, inventory and other assets to maintain a positive balance (Wu 2013). Market Approach- The market approach or the pricing multiples help in determining potential selling price, revenue or profits. According to the market analysis, the potential customers have a significant market share when it comes to buying sauces. Frank is doing well as the barbecue food is served at a reasonable price and is sold in a family-friendly manner (Ha and Jang 2013). Income Approach- This approach helps in determining the value of a business based on the ability for generating desired economic benefit for the owners. This approach helps in determining the business value as a function of profitability or economic benefit. Based on the data and figures given in the case study, both 2009 and 2010 were crucial for the restaurant industry. There would be stiff price competition and the level of personal income was estimated to grow in both 2011 and 2012. Therefore, the value in terms of income approach falls on the positive side as the people shall spend for eating at Franks restaurant or buying the barbecue sauce (Ha Jang 2013). References Annunziata, A. and Vecchio, R., 2013. Web marketing strategies of food producers in Italy: a competitive analysis.International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 8(1), p.1. Ha, J. and Jang, S., 2013. Attributes, consequences, and consumer values.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(3), pp.383-409. Hidayanto, A., Adha, M., Jiwanggi, M. and Melia, T., 2012. A study of impact of search engine optimisation to internet marketing strategy.International Journal of Services, Economics and Management, 4(4), p.298. Karatepe, O. and Kilic, H., 2015. Does Manager Support Reduce the Effect of WorkFamily Conflict on Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intentions?.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism, 14(3), pp.267-289. Martin, R., Muls, M., de Preux, L.B. and Wagner, U.J., 2012. Anatomy of a paradox: Management practices, organizational structure and energy efficiency.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,63(2), pp.208-223. Wu, H., 2013. An Empirical Study of the Effects of Service Quality, Perceived Value, Corporate Image, and Customer Satisfaction on Behavioral Intentions in the Taiwan Quick Service Restaurant Industry.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism, 14(4), pp.364-390.

George Orwell Essays (536 words) - Essays By George Orwell

George Orwell George Orwell also known as Eric Arthur Blair lived from 1903 - 1950. He was a British writer who wrote documentaries, essays, and articles. He was born in Motihari, India. Orwell was educated at Eton College in England. From an early age Orwell said, Perhaps the age five or six, I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. After Orwell did not win a university scholarship at Eton College he joined the Indian Imperial Police. He served with the Indian Imperial police in Burma from 1922 - 1927. At the age of twenty- four, he started to teach himself how to write. After his time as a police officer in Burma he returned to England for a couple of years he went on living in London and then Paris among the poor. Out of George Orwells experiences he wrote about conditions in his life and ordeals that occurred that no one had ever done before. Orwell experienced many difficulties in his field. First as a police officer in Burma he saw how brutally the people where being treated by the other police officers. He also wrote about his resignations that he had about domination of people over each other. When Orwell returned from Burma he returned as a poor very sick writer trying to find his way. He lived in poverty for several years, before he made his way to London. He would later write a book about his homeless conditions entitled Down and Out in Paris and London. In December of 1936, Orwell decided to enlist in the POAM, the Socialist military party in Spain, during the Spanish Civil War. Orwell fought for socialism in Spain, but was wounded in the neck and forced to return to England in 1938. After he returned from the war he would wrote about the conditions he encountered in the battlefield. Like all his reasons for writing the main purpose Orwell went to Spain was as he said, Was to kill fascists. Later that year Orwell became ill with Tuberculosis. The disease would later be his downfall in health and in his writing. He made many contributions throughout his life to humanity; however, his biggest was what he wrote about in his books. That I believe is his biggest contribution to society. Orwell was telling people about the conditions that he encountered such as: what the coal miners where going through. Which he wrote about in The Road To Wagon Pier. In this book he wrote about the evil conditions, foul housing , bad pay, and unemployment that the coal miners had to deal with. By doing this he rose awareness about the situation so they could be helped. George Orwell was the kind of writer who had to be in the center of activity. He wrote about the things people didnt want to acknowledge were going on or about political subjects he did not agree with in society. He went wherever he needed to raise awareness about a cause. On January 21st 1950, while working on a series of articles Orwell died of complications from Tuberculosis. After his death he would be remembered most for his influential books and his passion for writing. English Essays

Life and Legend of Howard Hughes essays

Life and Legend of Howard Hughes essays The Life and Legend of Howard Hughes Throughout the 20th century, it has been the medias job to pinpoint what events and people would prove to be an effective story. This was certainly the case for Howard R. Hughes. Son to the wealthy Howard Hughes Sr., Howard became the interest of the American people and newspapers for most of his life. Being deemed one of the most famous men of the mid-20th century was greatly attributed to Hughess skills as an industrialist, aviator, and motion-picture producer combined with his enormous wealth, intellect, and achievement. The media thrived on Howards unusual and sometimes scandalous life, especially in his later years when newspapers would frequently front large amounts of money to get stories on Hughes. Howard was also associated with what has been called one of the greatest publishing hoaxes in history. Howard Hughes Sr., commonly known as Big Howard, was a graduate of the Harvard School of Law, yet never once appeared before a court of law. Big Howard spent the first 36 years of his life chasing money across the Texas plains, as a wildcatter and a speculator in oil leases, working hard enough and earning just enough to move on to another, hopefully more fortunate gamble. In the year of his marriage, Big Howard sold leases on land that proved to have $50,000 in oil beneath it. He promptly took his new wife to Europe for a honeymoon, and returned exactly $50,000 poorer. In 1908, Big Howard turned his ingenuity and his hobby to tinker into good fortune. Current drilling technology was unable to penetrate the thick rock of southwest Texas and oilmen could only extract the surface layers of oil, unable to tap the vast resources that lay far below. Big Howard came up with the idea for a rolling bit, with 166 cutting edges and invented a method to keep the bit lubricated as it to re away at the rock. Later that year, Big Howard produced a model and went into b...

Anatomy, Physiology and of the Integumentary and Lymphatic Systems In Essay

Anatomy, Physiology and of the Integumentary and Lymphatic Systems In Conjunction with the Immune System - Essay Example The inner core is keratin, while the outer layer is a single layer of overlaid flat cells (Gale, 2005, Hair section). All integumentary external cells, of nails, hair, and skin, are dead cells. This is because new cells are generated beneath the surface; this process pushes the dead cells towards the outside. This process is easiest to discuss through an anatomical dissection of the skin into it's three layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layers. The epidermis is composed of multiple layers of epithelial cells, which are extremely flat and range from two extremes. The outermost layer is entirely dead and made entirely of keratin, which is tightly joined so as to be waterproof. The innermost layer, consists of basal and melanocyte cells: the former produces keratin; the latter, melanin. Beneath these layers lies the live cells of the dermis, which produces all of the accessory features, contain the nerve fibers and blood vessels, and is constructed of fibrous proteins of collagen combined with connective tissue. The dermis is much thicker than the epidermis and is anchored to the muscles by the subcutaneous layer (Gale, 2005, Epidermis and Dermis sections). Farabee ( 2001a) notes that "Skin functions include protection, regulation of body temperature, sensory reception, water balance, synthesis of vitamins and hormones, and absorption of materials." The external layer both prevents excessive water loss while allowing the body to cool itself via sweat glands and the process of evaporation. The glands contract when the body has cooled. Other glands secrete acidic solutions to the skin surface to prevent fungus growth. Sebaceous (oil) glands secrete a mixture of fatty proteins both through hair follicles and directly to the skin surface. These oils prevent the dead hair and skin cells from drying out, while simultaneously killing bacteria on the skin surface (Gale, 2005, Sebaceous glands section). The epidermal melanocytes help prevent harm from UV radiation by producing melanin - it is this pigment which gives the skin both it's coloring and it's ability to darken (Gale, 2005, Epidermis section). The dermis sends nutrients to the epidermis through extended capillaries into the basal cells called dermal papillae. The dermal papillae result in looped ridges on the outer surface, i.e. fingerprints and similar markings. The sweat glands of the dermis are divided into two categories: the eccrine and the apocrine (Gale, 2005, Dermis section). The first are the sweat gland found all over the body, the second refers particular sweat glands found in the armpit, groin, and nipple area. The apocrine are normally larger glands which empty out into hair follicles; their production attracts a bacteria which produces what is generally termed 'body odor'. The dermis layer also contains the hair follicles (attached to pili muscles), and sensory receptors, which communicate information of temperature or pressure to the brain, thus allowing the brain to process external information (Gale, 2005, Hair and Sensory Reception sections). The lymphatic system mimics the circulatory system: it is a system of tubes that spread throughout the body anywhere the blood is carried. Plasma from the blood washes

Friends of Angelo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Friends of Angelo - Essay Example One of those programs he created was the friends of Angelo program. Through this program the firm offered rates that were below market value. Angelo used this program as a way to benefit politicians, friends, and other executives in the industry including Fannie Mae executives. Senators Chris Dodd and Kent Conrad were among the VIPs who received sweetheart mortgages under the Friends of Angelo program (Wsj, 2009). The existence of this program in the banking industry was very unethical. The societal implications of this scandal were significant. The actions of Countrywide were a contributing factor to the financial crisis that occurred in 2008. Between 2008 and 2009 there were 8.4 million job lost in the United States (Stateofworkingamerica). The preferential treatment that Countrywide applied through its friends of Angelo program was unfair to the common citizen. The actions of this company were also hurtful to other stakeholder groups of Countrywide particularly the shareholders and employees. The stock price of the company plummeted by 86% and the firm fired 11,000 employees (Cengage). Angelo Mozilo is an example of everything that is wrong with corporate America. Companies that lack leadership such as Countrywide have a very low chance of succeeding in the long run. Cengage.com. Business Ethics Video: Countrywide Financial – Securities Fraud. Retrieved February 9, 2015 from

Immigration Policy and illegal immigrants Term Paper

Immigration Policy and illegal immigrants - Term Paper Example For a nation made and flourished by immigrants and rightfully admired by immigrants from across the globe, it is quite paradoxical to mistreat and exploit modern-day immigrants. The unfortunate and negative connotation associated with immigration in the US is also observed to further degrade the lives of Native Americans, African-Americans and Chicanas (Moreno, 2004). These groups are treated as lesser citizens in their own country and sometimes forced to go through the shame of being stereotyped as illegal citizens (Hernandez, 2009). Amidst all these immigration negativity, it is observed that illegal immigrants do have positives especially in regards economic and political considerations. This study will provide a background on the issue of illegal immigration in the US in terms of current immigration policy and the Bracero Program, before discussing the costs and benefits that illegal immigration brings to the nation. The study will be based on the premise that illegal immigration is beneficial to the United States. Background According to the CBO (2006), US immigration policy is anchored on three goals. The first is to reunite families through admission of immigrants who already have family members living in the US. Secondly is to admit skilled labor in order to meet projected labor shortages and lastly to provide refuge to people in risk of political, religious or racial persecution in their home countries. These three goals are the result of evolution of the nation’s immigration policy over time. In terms of illegal immigration, the law defines such individuals as unauthorized aliens who enter the US without legal documentation or who overstay their temporary visa requirements. The policy of dealing with such individuals is through apprehension either at the point of entry or within the US. it has been argued that failure to devise sound and sustainable immigration policy has resulted in the weakening of the American economy, jeopardy of diplomacy and threats to national security (Council on Foreign Relations, 2009). Such views have led to the mistreatment and stigmatization of illegal immigrants in a seemingly nationwide anti-immigration discourse. A look into the efficacy of the current apprehension, repressive and exclusionary policy by the US on illegal immigration indicates that it has largely failed to tackle the issue and instead fueled the anti-immigration sentiments in the population which are more sensationalist-driven rather than fact-based. Border repression and exclusion have temporary prevented illegal immigrants from returning to their countries with particular reference to Mexico, which has contributed to the â€Å"problem†, while at the same time leading to increased sophistication and criminalization of illegal immigration. More importantly, it has led to increased aloofness to illegal immigrants by the natives, which is manifested through extreme attention to the issue and vilification of immigrants based on their presumed economic costs at the expense of citizens effectively transforming the issue into an alleged national emergency (Arnold, 2011). The key to understanding the cost/benefit debate and taking a position on it is through analyzing the 1942-1964 Bracero Program which allowed Mexican nationals to work temporarily in agricultural fields, in the US, following laws and diplomatic agreements between the US and

Nutrition And Childrens Learning

Nutrition And Childrens Learning Abstract Does what our children eat affect their learning attainment and achievement? And if yes how serious is the effect? Those serious questions have been matters of concern among parents, educators, and health professionals. Prior studies provided evidences on the strong relationship between nutrition and education progress. This research paper is intended to highlight and consolidate the various factors that implicate learning. Also, it illustrates the negative effects of imbalanced diets on childrens health and academic future. This research suggests the serious relationship between prenatal mothers eating habits, breast feeding, anemia, mineral deficiencies, socioeconomic status, malnutrition and obesity from one side and the childrens learning outcomes in the other side. Numerous serious educational issues are addressed in this paper. Including, but not limited to, attention span problems, information processing impairment, information retention issues, cognitive growth complications, and working memory impairment conditions. Eating habits affect equally the childrens physical and mental growth. Therefore, introducing balanced meals to children, especially breakfast, is recommended to ensure healthy growth. Introduction Cognitive development, represented in thinking and learning abilities, is implicated notably by the interaction between nutrition, hereditary genes and the surrounding environment. All these components/factors combined implicate the cognitive growth of children. The role of nutrition in children physical and mental development starts during the early years of their life. Many studies have focused on the relationship between nutrition and childrens mental and physical health. Behavior also is implicated by the quality and quantity of nutrients the child receives. The role of health and nutrition in promoting child development and educational outcomes is increasingly being recognized(Bundy, 1997; Bundy Guyatt, 1996). Research findings tie the mothers nutrition during pregnancy to the childrens brain health and development after birth and during the first two years of life. The childrens cognitive development starts before birth. Furthermore, some researchers suggested that breast feeding augments healthy cognitive development and higher IQ levels. Breakfast is the most important meal especially for preschoolers. Any nutritional disorder, especially during the early stages of life, can lead to serious mental and cognitive issues. Malnutrition and obesity, both, disturb the mental and physical development of children equally. Proper nutrition has always been linked to progressive cognitive development. Malnutrition can results from administrating unbalanced meals or can be secondary to certain medical conditions. Malnutrition leads to deficiency in some essential minerals and other elements. Iron and zinc depots are always depleted by malnutrition. Therefore, malnourished children are always susceptible to recurrent infections which impede their school attendance and thus their learning progress. Moreover, it affects the childrens behavior and social interaction with others. If under-nutrition was evaluated as a negative health risk, overfeeding is viewed as health jeopardy as well. Overfeeding leads to obesity which interferes with the childrens various aspects of growth. Parents should promote healthy eating habits among their children to enhance their mental as well physical growth. Literature review The core of literature on child nutrition and its projecting implications on school performance are addressed in five major areas: (1) nutrition during pregnancy and its prenatal effects on fetuses (2) socioeconomic and medically-induced food insufficiency and malnutrition, (3) essential elements deficiency such as Iron and zinc, (4) effect of eating breakfast, and (5) obesity and its health and educational implications. Extensive research work suggested that chronic hunger, iron deficiency, and poor breakfast patterns are frequently interrelated (Taras, 2005, p 199). Pregnancy is a crucial phase of development. Improper nutrition during pregnancy affects the newborns more than their mothers. Imbalanced supply of certain nutrients during pregnancy leads to serious fetal developmental or congenital malformations. For instance insufficient dietary folic acid or B9 during pregnancy results in motor disabilities and cognitive impairment in offspring. Vitamin B9 is essential in the proper functioning of brain as well central and peripheral nervous systems. Lower levels of B9 have been connected to chronic depression and other mental disorders, as well as in birth defects that affect the neural tube cells (NutritionalSupplementsCenter.com, 2005). Those fore-mentioned serious health defects are found to forgo schooling and engaged in activities besides learning at schools. Moreover, interrupted sleep is one of symptoms of folic acid deficiency. Interrupted sleep is one of the major issues that negatively implicate childrens learning. Interrupted sleep lowers their attention, retention and concentration levels. Therefore, it can be concluded that lower levels of Folic acid insult the children learning process directly. Whether in the form of interrupted sleep issues or manifest itself as mental retardation and/or emotional instability. In the postnatal life, it was suggested that breast feeding is interrelated to IQ levels. Studies in this regard involved more than 3,000 breast-fed infants in New Zealand and England. This study revealed that breast feeding is responsible for increasing the average IQ with around 7 points. However, the same studies indicated that this IQ spurt can only take place under certain hereditary conditions. Breast-fed infants who carry special gene called FADS2 have great chances to have higher IQ than their counterparts who dont have it. Studies suggest that IQ scores are somehow correlated to school performance. Students with above average IQ typically do well in school especially in achievement tests. However, their scores might not be conclusively attributed to their intelligence. Certainly, intelligence does play a significant part in school achievement, but many other factors are also involved. Motivation, quality of education and family socioeconomic status; are all among the other factor involved in elevating the IQ. Conversely, some research studies pointed that for some reason some students dont perform well in the classroom although they have high IQ scores. Meanwhile, other students achieve at higher levels than it would anticipated from their IQ scores alone (J. E. Davidson, 2003; p. 155-156). Balanced healthy meals in the early childhood, especially in the first two years of life, are required to meet their accelerated mental and physical growth development. Therefore, it is their adult partner responsibility to provide them with a variety of nutritional diet array after the age of two. Nutritional meals should include whole grain, dairy products, protein, vegetables and fruit. Excessive intake of carbohydrates, salt and saturated fat should be avoided as possible. Whole grain is an important source of minerals and fibers. Mineral and fibers are essential for healthy growth and development. Healthy balanced diets help developing healthy strong children both physically and behaviorally. Nutritionally rich diets notably improve the childrens attitude. As children grow their share of healthy nutrition should proportionally increase to meet the growth spurt they experience. Their diet should include all the elements that support their physical growth. That includes plenty of Calcium for stronger bones and teeth as well vitamin C. raising healthy children in the early childhood guarantees successful learners in the adulthood. Sound body sound mind has proven to be true. Let alone balanced healthy meals help children establish positive relationships with their counterparts and peers; it affects their readiness to school. Poor nutrition may have knock-on effects for their educational achievement and attainment (Jukes, 2006. P14). Negative effects of malnutrition, for the most part, on brain development are manifested as cognitive impairments and/or emotional issues that last throughout their education time. Physically febrile students are subjected, more than others, to frequent sickness attacks. Therefore, they dont attend school regularly and miss more school days than average. Consequently, they miss, in total, long periods of learning. Socioeconomic status as well the general health condition can lead to malnutrition. Regarding the socioeconomic status, information provided by research about the extent of learning disabilities in low-income communities is still not enough. However, research evidence suggests that a significant number of children are affected (Jukes, 2006. P16). For example, studies have found prevalence of serious mental retardation ranging from 5 children per 1000 in Bangladesh, to 17 per 1,000 in Jamaica, 19 per 1,000 in Pakistan (Durkin, 2002). Worth noting, mental retardation is one of the serious developmental cognitive disorders that affect the early childhood. Children with mental retardation have lower to slim chances to enroll in the regular educational system. What seriously hinders their enrollment is their deteriorated mental health condition and/or the parents schooling decision. Socioeconomic status is not the only contributor to malnutrition. Some medical issues impair the absorption of certain essential elements such as Iron and Zinc. Whether Iron and/or zinc deficiencies were medically-induced or due to other etiologies, they lead to major chronic and sometimes fatal complications. Anemia is one of the most commonly wide spread malnutrition disorders. It affects mostly children and young adults. Studies on anemic children indicated that anemic children showed delayed responses than non-anemic Iron-replete children. The research findings reveled that children with iron deficiency respond after repeating orders or stimuli at least twice. However, there was no difference in the IQ level between anemic and non-anemic children. Iron deficiency anemic children were neither able to categorize information nor able to solve problems quickly. They displayed delay in their ability to solve problems than their iron-replete counterparts. All these complications were found to be attributed to iron deficiency. Iron constitutes major element in the CNS composition. Moreover, studies revealed that anemic children suffer from impaired vision. Impaired vision affects the learning process of visual learners. When iron was administrated into the anemic childrens regular meals they showed improvement in their academic performance, attitude and general health conditions. Zinc is an example of another essential element needed for children and adolescents healthy growth. Zinc is very essential for working memory. Research work disclosed that malnourished children suffer from severe information retention issues. Furthermore, they showed inability to focus their attention normally in any given task. Accordingly, they experienced severe learning impairment and performed poorly at school. Researchers concluded that zinc-related learning impairment was mainly due to their inferior attention span than normal children. Breakfast is not only the most important meal that feeds body with most energy but also it contributes to most nutrients adequacy. Breakfast consumers are more likely to have better overall diet quality and micronutrient and macronutrient and fiber intakes that more often align with current dietary recommendations (US dept. of Health, 2005). Studies revealed that breakfast skippers are more susceptible to obesity. Moreover, they are less likely to be engaged in any physical activities. Several studies support the benefits of breakfast intake. Research findings revealed that constant intake of breakfast meal enhances the childs cognitive functions; academic performance; academic achievement; school attendance rates; psychosocial condition; and mood. Breakfast consumption could impact cognitive performance by alleviating hunger the prevalence of which is well documented and has been associated with emotional, behavioral, and academic problems in children and adolescents (Rampersaud, G. ; Pereira M.; Girard, B.; Adams, j.; Metzl, J.; 2005). Studies revealed that socioeconomic status as well breakfast composition, are among the factors that interfere or augment the magnitude of academic performance. There is extensive proof that daily breakfast intake affect greatly the health condition of children and adolescents. Healthy breakfast should include variety of food groups. Studies indicated that breakfast skippers show low performance compare to others. Decreased attention and other memory related issues were also reported among breakfast skippers. Attention and retention impairment were also reported. Weight gain and its physiological and academic complications are among the health hazards associated with skipping breakfast. Overweight is another crucial factor which impacts the learning process equally to malnutrition. Researchers have studied the relative relationship between birth weight and weight gain during the first two years of life for learning outcomes. The study findings suggested strong relationship between learning expectations and weight gain. Abnormal weight gain increases the risk of failing at least one grade in school. Moreover, further studies indicated that child oversize causes impaired cognitive development and poor academic achievement. Researchers attributed poor academic achievement in obese children to the lack of self-confidence and motivation. Psychological burden associated with obesity is another main factor that implicates the overweight children academia. Conclusion Childrens performance in school is impacted by many etiological factors. Children are expected to perform well in school until some interfering factors disturb their progress. Prenatal nutrition can affect the childs adult life either positively or negatively. Improper nutrition during pregnancy can lead to both serious developmental and congenital defects. These defects are responsible for cognitive and physical growth delay or cessation in severe cases. Children with such defects are expected to perform very poorly in school. In the same time, they are not expected to achieve what they suppose to attain in their corresponding age time frame. Breast feeding was suggested to positively alter the childrens IQ levels. However, studies showed that it does affect it only if the favorable hereditary variable was present. FADS2 is the genetic variable that helps absorb fat in the mothers milk and provide the brain with all the fat needed for healthier growth. Thus, breastfeeding does elevate the childrens IQ by 7 points only in the presence of FADS2 gene. Socioeconomic status interferes with providing healthy comprehensive meals. Therefore, children from low socioeconomic classes are more susceptible to malnutrition disorders. Malnutrition and imbalanced meals can lead to behavioral disorders, memory impairment, delayed cognitive response and emotional disorders. Anemia can also develop as a secondary complication to certain health/medical issues. Whether Anemia was due to malnourishment or secondary to medical issues, it depreciates the academic performance and impairs the childrens progress in school. Moreover, it interferes with their ability to comprehend, process, and retain any introduced knowledge. Iron and zinc are major elements for healthy brain growth and properly functioning working memory. Children with zinc and iron deficiencies showed remarkably delayed responses to any given instruction, behavioral abnormalities and disturbed working memory. Furthermore, they suffered from sleeping disorders which aggravated their academic status. Visual disorders were reported among anemic children. Visual disorders negatively impact visual learners. Breakfast intake is the most important meal of the day, especially for children. Breakfast is important for the childrens daily performance and behavior at school. Studies revealed that breakfast skippers are more susceptible to obesity when they grow up. Skipping breakfast alters the glucose supply to the brain and put it into the energy saving mode. Consequently, this conservative mode disturbs the memory and the ability to stay focused. Overweight is another burden that traumatizes the childrens academic achievement. Due to the psychological inferiority which obese people experience, they suffer from lack of self-confidence. Low self-esteem, lack of motivation and inability to participate in various activities create unfavorable learning conditions. These conditions, by turn, hinder their academic progress and schooling outcomes. Abnormal weight gain increases the risk of failing at least one grade in school.

The Future of South Africa Essays -- African History

The Future of South Africa Some things in South Africa are becoming better as we move into the future, while others are becoming worse. The government in South Africa is better. All the provisions of the new constitution were in place as of the year 1999. In June of 1999, President Nelson Mandela’s term ended, and Thabo Mbeki was elected as president. There was a peaceful change in government, and Mbeki is doing many things to help the country. Some of these include eliminating hatred between races, ending poverty, and reducing violent crime. The government is also electing more people of different races and genders to the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The economy in South Africa is the best of all the countries in Africa, and should continue to improve. South African’s economy depends mainly on its mineral recourses which it exports to many other countries. South Africa’s government has invested in many other industries such as tourism and wine, which are fast-growing and important parts of the economy. The government is also encouraging businesses to hire more blacks and coloureds ( a term in South Africa used to identify people of racially mixed heritage) as they have the highest unemployment rate of any ethnic group in the country. South Africa has many plans for an â€Å"industrial renaissance,† and is using many more of the country’s natural recourses and is trying to strengthen its ties with the rest of the world. Education in South Africa is...

Place of Business I would like to work upon graduation Essay

The contemporary state of affairs in relation to the crisis facing the pharmacy and hospital in general is both compelling and confounding. The decisions based on the recruitment hiring, retention and staffing makes the crisis very compelling as they are usually given the first priority for a majority of managers in the pharmacy departments in hospitals. Similarly the problem is confounding as a majority of the pharmacy departments appear to be facing a worsening situation for these crises and there is no tangible solution and at times the least elusive and frustrating for the people involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many hospitals have increased salaries for their pharmacists to be in line with the market demand, but the problem gets more complex when the managers find out that the profit drug stores chains have double or at least increased their salaries and wages for the qualified pharmacists at a faster rate than theirs. The profession has tried to create an increasing demand for its expertise; but apparently the limited number of pharmacists characterizing the low staffing in the hospitals seems to be undermining these efforts. The safety initiatives on the part of medication have enhanced the demand for the pharmacists. (Diane A, 2001)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most glaring statements that are normally made by most medical staff is that they need pharmacists doing the rounds like physicians, nurses in order to monitor and at the same time improve medication quality in the hospitals. Often, the question asked by most people is why the lack of pharmacists if patients, nurses, physicians are already present. If all these medical staff are able to be present everyday and doing the rounds why then can’t pharmacists also be there every day. By restructuring what the pharmacists and hospitals do and how they do them then the response to the patient health care can it be greatly possible to achieve this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The curriculum provided for by the all pharm D has effectively reduce the supply of pharmacists in the recent past in spite of the increased number of new colleges offering pharmacy as a course. Thus the agony facing most hospital managers has been that of who will be around during the night shifts like other medical practitioners and at other odd times other than the weekdays. For a majority of pharmacy departments, technology which has seen the advent of automation has contributed very little to alleviate these problems. Most of the hospitals including those with the state- of- the art physician order entry systems have equally been faced with the situation of having to look for pharmacists to enter the orders of medication in the pharmacy records. Even though there have been attempts to address this issue with some technicians assuming the role of pharmacist and other duties that they do perform; the demand for pharmacists has by far outdone the place with which the technicians do get assimilated in to the system. In addition, the rate as well as the number with which new drugs are being approved by FDA, together with the complexity of application of the said drugs, has compounded the problems facing the institutions and the practice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are not so many pharmacists who can effectively command a great sense of knowledge on the entire inventory of drugs found in this institution’s formularies. The effect brought about by this is that of pharmacists having the desire and ready to specialize which complicates the problem of recruitment of qualified personnel even further. Ideally these are the issues that Norfow hospital and many other hospital institutions have to grapple with. (Frederick J. 2002)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The increasing number in new colleges of pharmacy will not solve the staffing problem in the short term. What this step is brand to offer little or no solution in the short term. The solution that is offered by such a measure is only in the long- term at some intermediate point and as such has to be factored within context of financial constraints. With this various questions like, can the existing colleges find the appropriate faculty as well as clinical rotations so as to expand class sizes in a significant proportion. Is it possible for organized pharmacy to have a union that is able to speak in one voice when faced with the issue of different constituencies that are within the profession having various needs as well as incentives. The glaring dichotomy that exists between the health care system and chair during store pharmacy practice has often made it very difficult to offer training to pharmacists to become generalists in the profession with the ability to successfully practice in these two direct working environment. Thus when the shift plus is shifted to other profession to offer guidance or direction might not be much of a better solution. (Frederick J. 2002)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most pharmacists often wonder whether the shrinking gap that exists between the wages and salaries of physicians and pharmacists makes the prospect of pursuing pharmacy practice. The pharmacy department may face staffing problems where acute shortages of staff may affect the way prescriptions are handled .Staff in the pharmacy department are needed to handle the screening, packaging , keying in and dispensing to patients. Patients tend to take longer periods of time waiting to be served due to the low or inadequate staffing levels. Staff shortages create room for other complex problems like inefficient record management which could lead to inadequate drug supply control. At times drugs could run out of stock causing inconveniences to patients. Appropriate measures like adequate staffing management would ensure effective record management and replenishment or reorder levels could be done to ensure that drugs do not run completely out of stock. This will be a step forward to ensure patient satisfaction levels are higher. This would translate to more trust on the pharmacy department as well as on the entire hospital at large. Less staffing would make pharmacists to be overworked as they would be extremely busy. This would see them fatigued. Staffing problems in hospitals occurs in the technical department. Limited numbers of qualified pharmacists may be due to lesser people pursuing pharmacy. Again others claim that the remuneration in hospitals is poor and hence shy off venturing into it. Retaining the staff already working is a difficult task but it is very critical and pharmacy managers should be keen to consider it. (http://www.careerpharm.com/employer/resources/Parker.pdf)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     High turnover rates in pharmacy could be attributed to increased workload as well as stress associated with pharmacy. Hospitals ought to recruit more staff both technicians and support staff to reduce the workload pharmacists have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Turns over rates are influenced by the working environment, training, stress and skill mix. Managers should ensure that the working environment is conducive for the pharmacists as well as their support staff. Roles should be clearly defined so that each staff understands their duties and responsibilities. Conflicting roles would work to demoralize the employees who may seek other opportunities. Clearly defined duties work to enhance the efficiency of any organization and pharmacy managers should ensure role clarity and well defined responsibilities. Effective training works to increase employees and consequently their retention will be attained .The pharmacy department should be well structured and it should allow for progression of pharmacists by effective training. The hospital should allow for professional growth if its goals are to be achieved. This is because employees seek to stick to jobs that offer them professional growth. Training could be done through research opportunities and through conference attendance where people learn of new experiences from experts. Encouraging continued professional development for instance by offering loans to those interested in furthering their studies would work as an incentive to work. It would increase motivation of the staff members and consequently their retention. Provision of an effective or appropriate technical and administrative support would reduce the work load that pharmacists have. Managers ought to be very cautious to hire multi skilled technicians who can multitask thus saving time for the pharmacists. (Cooke M and Pharm M, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Utilizing locum pharmacists is also an appropriate measure in solving the workload problem. Locum pharmacists who are mostly from abroad can be utilized. They offer appropriate services as they have the appropriate training. Quality of work done is therefore not jeopardized. The hospital can utilize part time workers who can be sought during when need arises for instance when absenteeism occurs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Efficiency can be improved and workload deceased if positive changes are incorporated. Effective labeling of drugs would save time taken searching for them. To retain the staff in pharmacy one can use the joint approach method whereby hospitals can embrace staff working in other areas for instance in the community or with the general practitioner GP. Care should however be taken to ensure that the timing does not clash and that they still retain their roles. Their hiring should not staff adversely affect the links between the hospital and the outside community. Pharmacy managers should ensure that the system allows staff to move upwards as long as they acquire the appropriate skill. As long as they acquire the appropriate skills pharmacists should rise up the social ladder and their salaries should increase with time. Encouraging staff members to advance their skill acquisition would work to benefit both the staff and the hospital at large. Pharmacists and other support staff should not be paid below what the market dictates as that would act as a disincentive for them to work. It would only lead to increased job turn over rates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Inadequate staffing means that the prescription levels are high and patient have to delay before being served. Adopting appropriate technology and re-engineering the administrative procedures would work to increase effectiveness and efficiency in pharmacies. (http://www.careerpharm.com/employer/resources/Parker.pdf)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Pharmacy educators have a role to play in ensuring that the declining numbers of enrollments are stopped. People opt for other careers due to the workload and decreased job satisfaction perceived to be associated with pharmacy. Increased educational time period to acquire pharmacy licensing has also decreased the number of enrollments in pharmacy. It discourages potential pharmacists who opt for other careers which can be pursued at shorter durations or periods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Staff shortages precipitate temporary cutbacks in the operational hours of pharmacies. Better technology would result to automation which can reduce the workload on the existing staff thus reducing their turnover. Attractive packages like good salaries and other benefits like offering a company car would work to attract new staff. New and improved workflow enhancements can make the processing of prescription very efficient. Use of administrative software s like TechRX and Script Pro can help in increasing the efficiency in pharmacies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Additional training on technicians would equip them with appropriate skills to handle questions from patients, administering claims as well as checking for errors. Introduction of more education, training and competency exams would work to increase the quality and quantity of work produced by technicians. The move to encourage pharmacy students by offering financial aid to students and schools of pharmacy also works to increase the number of qualified staff in pharmacy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Retaining good pharmacists will entail recruiting the appropriate person, offering satisfactory work, creating an empowered environment that focuses on development excellence as well as being involved in professional organization. Hiring pharmacists should be after effective consideration whether a hospital is willing and capable to invest in training a recent graduate or is looking for one with a wealth of experience. Satisfactory work optimizes the workers satisfaction levels and consequently their motivation and retention. Developmental excellence is about ensuring sustainable and continuous quality improvement through training. (Brannick J. and Harris J, 1999).   Internal pathway to for growth entails enrollment of pharmacists to degree programs as well as technician enrollment in pharmacy schools. Encouraging staff members to be active in professional organizations where they can gain collective benefits acts as an incentive for them. Pharmacy staff can be encouraged to participate in pharmacy school activities where they can act as mentors to the student. Such a move may increase the pharmacists’ retention as it could increase their job satisfaction levels. (Cooke M and Pharm M, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Retired pharmacists can return to their jobs to cover for the junior staff who seeks advancement in pharmacy practice. Hospitals ought to be willing to accommodate such staff. Both parties would benefit from such an arrangement. The hospital would gain from the experience and skills as the retired staff gets a chance to earn extra income without the pressure of working on full time basis. Since such staffs are very experienced they can be consulted for advice by the inexperienced staff. Again they help in reducing the workload that is brought about by reduced staff and increased patients seeking to be served. With staff shortages hospital pharmacies are unable to handle or meet the demands posed by patients. The staff shortages are caused by some staff seeking jobs in other places offering better packages, those on maternity leave or those opting for locum which is not as demanding as full time pharmacy practice. This is worsened by reduced numbers of pharmacy graduates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Placing the staff in positions that they are most appropriate based on their experience; interests as well as their training would ensure that staff retention is realized as they are motivated. Incentives like occasional paid for trips, movie tickets or dinners can work as incentives for employees and would work to increase their motivation. Good communication is very vital as the staff members can effectively air their views or grievances and the hospital management can respond effectively. The overall effect of this would be increased satisfaction levels and the staff turnover would be minimal. (Cooke M and Pharm M, 2000). References: Cooke M and Pharm M. 2000. What pharmacy managers can do to retain staff. Hospital Pharmacist. Vol 7. No 1 p2. James Frederick. 2002. Staff shortage acute and still growing. Pharmacist Shortage, pharmacies, statistics Drug Store News. Patrick E. Parker, M.S.P.2002. Recruiting and Retaining Staff: A Midsize Hospital Experience. Retrieved on 28th November 2007 from: http://www.careerpharm.com/employer/resources/Parker.pdf Arthur Diane. 2001. The employee recruitment and retention handbook. Amacom Books. Brannick J. and Harris J. 1999. Finding and Keeping Great Employees. Amacom Forrest

Research Proposal Management Essay

The population of Cameroon is one of diverse backgrounds,with over 260 tribes with each tribe having its own distinct dialect. of which its indigenous population constituting the Youthful and Middle age group. As the first settlers of the territory constituting present-day Cameroon, the Bantus should provide a strong cultural and economic base for the country. Yet throughout this land’s history, the Bantus have always been the segment of the population that has suffered the most. Their exploitation began when the Portuguese â€Å"discovered† Cameron in 1472,later in 1884 came the German annexation of Cameroon: and in 1919: Cameroon was divided between France and Britain: and finally in 1960: was the Independence of French Cameroon, con After Cameroon gained its independence form Britain and France in the 1960’s, the subordination of the indigenous population remained active throughout the years of restucturing and reform. Because the first Bantu-tribes immigrated to Cameroon from North (Nigeria),The English speaking have maintained the lowest level in the socioeconomic hierarchy of Cameroon since after independence. The abuse throughout these five centuries has been manifested through the exploitation of indigenous labor, degradation of Indian culture, lack of political voice, and exclusion from social work programs, leaving indigenous areas without the necessary social and economic infrastructure for their advancement. In Cameroon today, these characteristics plague the areas with a high concentration of indigenous population. The abuse of power and corrupt government practices on behalf of the past and present Cameroonian President coupled with the accepted belief that the Anglophones allowed for two disparate worlds to emerge from Cameroon. One is increasingly modern and industrialized, centered in urban areas in the Center region of Cameroon. It is this vision that leaders of Cameroon actively promote in order to convince the rest of the globe that Cameroon has achieved the status of a Developing or even second World Nation. The other world, hidden from view, is that of the indigenous and peasant population, that lives in abject poverty,misery and oppression. This group suffers from the same marginalization and exploitation that it has endured for the past 50 years. In today’s era of globalization, the situation facing the Anglophone as they are called in Cameroon remains bleak. As Cameroonians moves forward into regional trade agreements, the indigenous must overcome their history and current state of deprivation in hope of advancement. The Cameroonian government has begun to enter the world market through economic liberalization policies initiated in the past two decades. One of the largest was the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The Cameroon government has began implementing the WTO Agreement on Customs Valuation in July 2001, And the Communaute Economique et Monetaire de l’ Afrique Centrale (CEMAC) which established a free trade region between Cameroon and most countries of the franc zone like Tchad,Central african republic, Congo. Gabon. And Equatorial Guinea. States. Reforms necessary for the implementation of the WTO Agreement have proved to be detrimental to the indigenous population in Cameroon and sectors that were poor prior to the WTO are falling farther behind. Yet the Cameroonian government continues to plow forward, negotiating larger regional trade agreements with its neighbors for the good of the already wealthy sector of the population, leaving the Anglophones open to further marginalization. A practical example of this marginalization is found in the south and northwest regions which are purely English spraking regions The Anglophones in Cameroon, whose social situation is one of the bleakest in all of West Africa. lack basic human rights, a political voice, schools, hospitals, electricity, and clean water. As Cameroon pushes further ahead with its economic reforms, the few programs that had been in place to aid the English speaking have been repealed, and the Anglophones continue to be ignored. Throughout history, these Anglophones have been repealed, and the Anglophones continue to be ignored. Throughout history, these Anglophones have endured poverty, exploitation, and oppression, while attempting to revolt and ignite change. Yet no movement has ever been successful. With the advent of WTO and further global integration, the Anglophones realized their situation would only continue to worsen if they did not begin to fight for change. To cut things short my thesis paper examined both the manifest and latent functions of Social work in the protection of the indigenous population within the Cameroonian society, specifically in the English speaking region. It examined the prospect for the Southern Cameroons National Council (S.C.N.C)Movement to meet with future success; analyzing the role that Social work will play in this movement’s effectiveness. Globalization, with its increasing connectedness and spread of technology could prove to be a beneficial tool in the process of gaining solidarity and support. Or globalization could allow for the gap between the rich and poor on both a national and international level to grow, leaving the poor segments in oblivion. This problem is not limited to Cameroon. As the world economy has become increasingly interdependent, the emergence of trans-national social movements may produce serious consequences for citizens in many nations. If these protest movements gain enough support, every person alive has the potential to be affected in some way. To accomplish this research, I have read and will continue to read many books, magazine, newspaper, and journal articles on the history of Cameroon, the treatment of the indigenous population, liberalization policies that have been implemented, and the S.C.N.C Movement.

Diet Essays

Smoking cessation and Obesity/ Diet Essays Smoking cessation and Obesity/ Diet Essay Smoking cessation and Obesity/ Diet Essay The productivity of every person is affected by his or her health status. Any country envisioning increasing its output must first check the health of its citizens. In the United States, the health sector is one of the departments that heavily use state’s financial resources to treat the myriad health complications that arise. More resources are being channeled to research on health problems to enable the country minimize avoidable diseases and treat those that have cure. Previously, the health policy focused more on curative measures but based on the studies that have continually added knowledge on causes of diseases, more focus is being given to preventive measures.Among the leading causes of death in the United States is cancer and diet related diseases. Cancer is the most feared disease in America and the major contributor to cancer is tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Diet related complications have given rise to obesity whic h also contributes to many deaths in the U.S. Research has shown that obesity has extended to young children at alarming rates (http://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/ADVISORY/pcp/pcp07rpt/ExecSum.pdf). The rise in the number of obesity cases is mainly associated with some lifestyle behaviors that encourage unhealthy eating habits. Fast food junctions increased and caused similar increment to obesity cases. If the United States and the world over will win the battle over these preventable health complications, the overall productivity of the world will improve, according to President’s Cancer Panel 2006-2007 Annual Report.Governments and other organizations that deal with health problems have also proposed new approaches. Business entities have also been seen to actively participate in programs that serve to maintain good health in the workplaces. Indeed, many companies have defined health schemes in their profiles, a phenomenon that was nonexistent. Employers and the governments are aim ing at developing wellness programs as they strategize on cutting health related costs. Such programs are developed with the view of promoting a culture of wellness and individual empowerment regarding personal health.Among the current trends to curb unnecessary loss of life is by reduction of the numbers of people who smoke. The youth are the most prone to engage in tobacco use and they also contribute to the continuity of the practice. If tobacco is discouraged among this group this group, much could be achieved. Many firms in their contribution to this initiative have declared their working environment as non-smoking areas and set other places as smoking zones. Laws have been enacted to enforce these. The move is, however, opposed by tobacco companies that view the issue only in terms of profits.An important initiative taken by the government is aimed at reduction of obesity cases. Current trends indicate that half of the U.S. population is obese. The initiative is aimed at reduc ing the number of obesity cases among children especially those below 10 years. It is believed that this approach will contribute to the overall reduction of obesity cases. The initiative is targeted on children through their parents and the institutions of learning. These have more access and influence on the children (Jenner, 2005).The other trend that is increasingly noticed among the general public is the emphasis on exercise. Most health problems like obesity and other dietary and heart complications have been studied and lack of exercise had been a major contributor. Exercise is emphasized across people of all age groups more so the working population. This is because work schedules may be tight as to deny such people a chance to engage in activities. The workplace has received more attention as a leading cause of health problems and now focus has been shifted there. Companies are actively now involved in programs to encourage their workers to participate especially in sportin g activities. Exercise sessions are now available in some companies as well as establishments of sports teams. Companies have in fact been seen to encourage competition between these sports teams. However well meaning such activities are, they weigh heavily on the companies’ budgets. Various governments have enacted laws requiring companies to have health programs for their employees especially the high-risk companies dealing with chemical production. Protective gear should be availed by the companies, according to The Health Communication Unit.A most important trend is that aimed at improving diet and nutrition. As the major contributors to health problems, it is very important to adopt strategies to address them. Public education forums have become a normal way to raise awareness of the causes and preventive measures. These forums are aimed at the working people and in educational institutions. The government and other non-governmental organizations are aggressive in these campaigns. Though there lacks any law to direct this, the public health policy encourages raising awareness to the public. A change of lifestyle is proposed.Another important initiative to maintain good health is by involvement in research. The state funds research studies that are aimed at discovering the underlying causes of some health complications and the preventive method s that can help alleviate the impact on the individuals. Funding such research will always be expensive bearing in mind that health research may take several years to be conclusive.Good health cannot be attained unless it is a personal aim. The government may employ all the machinery to educate the public on the best ways to be health. But unless such advice is backed by a personal desire to engage in healthy practices, there will be no change to the already worsening situation. Discipline is highly demanded of all people. The personal desire should be extended to family and spread to the whole society. If he alth problems could be avoided, all persons should work to ensure this is achieved.

The Keynesian School of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Keynesian School of Economics - Essay Example Keynes brought out theories that form a base to understand the great depression. With the help of these theories, Keynes attempted to explain how a thing as great depression could occur and suggested actions that could help in overcoming the same. The theory also suggested a set of measures that could further avoid any such happening and could maintain a healthy equilibrium of the overall economy that could support good amount of employment along with an appropriate demand and supply. This would in turn promise that enough amount of money circulated in the market that could be used for business investments and productions to meet the demand. Individuals such as Robert Lucas, Thomas J. Sargent, and Robert Barro carried the theory forward but at the same time questioned many of its percepts. This resulted into small large modifications in the original theory and came to be know as 'The Keynesian Revolution' in which new adjustments were proposed to the original Keynesian tenets. In many aspects, the Keynesian theory departed with the classical economics that was much prevalent in those days. Keynes debated that as proposed by the classical theory, the markets would not by itself achieve a state of full employment equilibrium, but at any given point and amount of unemployment, an economy can come to a standstill and stopping any further progress. He also found the classical theory to be inadequate in providing equal financial opportunities and being unable to solve the problem of unemployment. "The outstanding faults of the economic society in which we live are its failure to provide for full employment and its arbitrary and inequitable distribution of wealth and incomes" [Keynes, 1936]. The classical theory advocated a policy of non-intervention by the state government in the economic affairs and suggested that the economy is entirely self regulating that does not require any external manipulation for it to achieve a state of balance. Whereas the Keynesian theory suggested that the economy would require appropriate manipulations to direct its growth in a desired manner and this is to be achieved by active involvement of the government by continuously managing the amount of aggregate demand. Demand is the key by which the government could exercise control over the market and the total amount of employment. " Aggregate demand shocks can cause significant changes in output and employment if agents adjust prices and wages in ways that are 'insignificantly' suboptimal from their individual standpoints" [Page 43, N. Gregory]. On this account the policies that are framed on the basis of Keynesian theories are called 'Demand Management Policies'. The Keynesian theory also does not distinguish between short-run and long-run principles as the classical theory does. Keynes suggested that the economy could stabilize at any equilibrium level of income and that it was the role of the government to verify that the given equilibrium is appropriate for the state economy. If the equilibrium does not promise total employment, the government needs to interfere by using appropriate policies to achieve the desired equilibrium. In that case the government would either have to implement reflationary policy that can boost the aggregate demand or deflationary policy that can decrease the aggregate demand in the market. The chief theories put forward by Keynes were: The Labor

Nursing Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Philosophy - Essay Example People become patients when they seek assistance because of illness or for surgery. Some nurses believe that the word patient implies passive acceptance of the decisions and care of health professionals. With the emphasis on health promotion and prevention of illness, many recipients of nursing care are not ill. Moreover, nurses interact with family members and others to provide support, information, and comfort in addition to caring for the patient. For these reasons, nurses increasingly refer to recipients of health care as clients. A client is a person who engages the advice or service of another who is qualified to provide this service. The term client presents the receivers of health care as collaborators in the care, that is, as people who are also responsible for their own health. In 1995, the American Nurses Association (ANA) recognized the influence and contribution of the science of caring to nursing philosophy and practice. Their most recent definition of nursing acknowledges few essential features of contemporary nursing practice. (p.8) People's health beliefs influence their health practices. Thus a nurse's health values and practices may differ form those of a client. Nurses need to ensure that a plan of care developed for an individual relates to the clients conception of health. People are becoming increasingly aware of their environment and how it affects t